Thinking about purchasing a firearm in the Golden State can feel like a daunting task. California has some of the most comprehensive and complex gun laws in the nation, and they are frequently updated. Whether you’re interested in personal protection, sport shooting, or hunting, knowing the correct, up-to-date process is essential for a legal and smooth experience. Navigating this landscape successfully requires a clear guide and a bit of patience.
This article is designed to be your friendly roadmap through that process. We will walk you through the essential steps, from determining your eligibility to finally taking possession of your firearm. By the end of this guide on How to Buy a Gun in California – Rules & Where to Buy in 2025, you will have a solid understanding of the legal requirements, the documents you need, and the best places to make your purchase with confidence.
Are You Eligible to Own a Firearm in California?
Before you even step into a store, the first and most critical step is to confirm you are legally allowed to purchase and possess a gun. California has strict eligibility criteria. Generally, you must be at least 21 years old to purchase a handgun and 18 for a long gun (rifle or shotgun). You must also provide proof of California residency, such as a driver’s license or DMV-issued ID. Other key disqualifiers include:
- Being convicted of a felony or certain misdemeanors.
- Being the subject of a restraining order.
- Having a history of certain mental health adjudications or commitments.
- Being addicted to any narcotic drug.
It’s always a good idea to do an honest self-assessment against the state’s requirements to ensure you can proceed.
The Essential Steps for How to Buy a Gun in California – Rules & Where to Buy in 2025
The purchase process in California is standardized and involves several mandatory steps that cannot be skipped. Following this sequence will make your experience much smoother.
Step 1: Obtain Your Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC)
To buy any firearm, you must first pass a written test at a licensed gun dealer to receive your FSC. The test covers basic firearm safety laws and safe handling practices. Study guides are available from the California DOJ, and the test itself is straightforward if you prepare. You will need to present your FSC at the point of sale.
Step 2: Choose Your Firearm and Complete the Dealer’s paperwork
Once you’ve found the firearm you wish to purchase, the licensed dealer will have you complete a Firearms Transaction Record, also known as the ATF Form 4473. You must answer all questions truthfully. The dealer will also typically have you complete a California-specific form.
Step 3: Submit to a Background Check (DROS)
The dealer will then initiate the Dealer’s Record of Sale (DROS) process. This involves submitting your information to the California Department of Justice for a background check. You will need to provide a thumbprint and pay the DROS fee, which is currently $37.19. This process also initiates the state-mandated 10-day waiting period.
Step 4: The 10-Day Waiting Period
California law requires a mandatory 10-day waiting period for all firearm purchases. This period begins the day the DROS is submitted, not including the day of purchase. You cannot take possession of your firearm until this 10-day period has fully elapsed, even if your background check is approved sooner.
Step 5: Pick Up Your Firearm
After the 10-day waiting period, you can return to the dealer to pick up your firearm. You must do this within 30 days of the DROS submission. The dealer will have you complete a safe handling demonstration for handguns to ensure you can safely load and unload the firearm. Once that is complete, and all paperwork is finalized, you can take possession.
Where Can You Legally Purchase a Firearm?
In California, all firearm purchases from a dealer must go through a licensed retailer. The most common and recommended places to buy are:
- Local Gun Stores (LGS): These are often the best resource for new buyers. Staff can provide personalized service, answer questions, and help you with the entire process.
- Large Sporting Goods Stores: Stores like Turner’s Outdoorsman or Sportsman’s Warehouse have multiple locations and a large inventory of firearms and accessories.
- Gun Shows: While you can purchase firearms at gun shows, all sales are still processed through a licensed dealer on-site, meaning you must still complete the DROS and 10-day wait.
Private party transfers (PPT) between two California residents must also be processed through a licensed dealer, who will conduct the background check and handle the paperwork.
Important Considerations for 2025 and Beyond
California’s laws are dynamic. Staying informed is part of being a responsible gun owner. Key areas to watch include the Handgun Roster, which limits which specific handgun models can be sold by dealers, and laws regarding assault weapons and magazine capacity. Ammunition purchases also require a background check, which is typically a quick process conducted at the point of sale for a small fee. Always check the California DOJ website for the most current information.
Purchasing a gun in California involves a clear, multi-step process designed to ensure safety and legality. By first confirming your eligibility, obtaining your FSC, and patiently working with a licensed dealer through the DROS and 10-day wait, you can legally and confidently exercise your right to purchase a firearm. Remember, the key to a smooth experience is preparation and partnering with a reputable dealer who can guide you every step of the way.